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For naval rifles, the initial change was to actual bore, thus facilitating the manufacture of standard projectiles. They then began to measure the effective length (and therefore range) of the weapon in calibers. These are a measure of the standardized length of the barrel versus the rifled bore of the barrel.
Chamber illustration indicating the various sections of a typical rifle chamber. The freebore is the cyan colored section just ahead of the neck. In firearms, freebore (also free-bore, free bore, or throat) is the portion of the gun barrel between the chamber and the rifled section of the barrel bore. The freebore is located just forward of the ...
The tightness of the grouping (the proximity of all the shots to each other) is a measure of the precision of a weapon, and a measure of the shooter's consistency and skill. [1] [2] On the other hand, the grouping displacement (the distance between the calculated group center and the intended point of aim) is a measure of accuracy.
Comparison of milliradian (mil) and minute of arc (moa).. Since adjusting the point of impact to match the point of aim is relatively simple with any type of adjustable sights, the primary goal of accurizing is to increase the precision of the firearm, which is generally measured by looking at the dispersion of a number of shots fired at the same point of aim.
Historically, this table has been referred to as a "drop table." The drop table can be generated empirically using data taken by the shooter at a rifle range; calculated using a ballistic simulator; or is provided by the rifle/cartridge manufacturer. The drop values are measured or calculated assuming the rifle has been zeroed at a specific range.
Gun dynamics describes the physical causes of barrel and shot vibration, and the effect they may have on accuracy and consistency. It is employed to predict firearm performance, such as recoil , using theoretical methods and mathematical modelling techniques.
A gun barrel is a crucial part of gun-type weapons such as small firearms, artillery pieces, and air guns. It is the straight shooting tube, usually made of rigid high-strength metal , through which a contained rapid expansion of high-pressure gas(es) is used to propel a projectile out of the front end ( muzzle ) at a high velocity.
Since barrel length is limited by practical concerns to about arm's length for a rifle and much shorter for a handgun, increasing bore diameter is the normal way to increase the efficiency of a cartridge. The limit to bore diameter is generally the sectional density of the projectile (see external ballistics).