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Theory X and Theory Y are theories of human work motivation and management. They were created by Douglas McGregor while he was working at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. [ 1 ]
Theory Z is a name for various theories of human motivation built on Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y.Theories X, Y and various versions of Z have been used in human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational communication and organizational development.
Theory Z of Ouchi is Dr. William Ouchi's so-called "Japanese Management" style popularized during the Asian economic boom of the 1980s.. For Ouchi, 'Theory Z' focused on increasing employee loyalty to the company by providing a job for life with a strong focus on the well-being of the employee, both on and off the job.
Through this, Reddin advances towards another theory, Theory Z put forward by Abraham Maslow in his paper on Theory Z in 1970. [27] Reddin's 3D Theory is based in part on these three views of man, but it is the rational situationist view of man to which Reddin holds: Man has a will. He is open to good and evil. Situation drives man. Reason ...
This psychological concept proposed that how one viewed human relationships to those of an enterprise determined their style of management. Theory X proposes that people inherently lack the motivation and desire for responsibility and need to be closely supervised, directed, and tightly controlled in order to achieve team objectives. [3]
He has contributed much to the development of the management and motivational theory, and is best known for his Theory X and Theory Y as presented in his book 'The Human Side of Enterprise' (1960), which proposed that manager's individual assumptions about human nature and behavior determined how individual manages their employees. [2]
Ouchi first came to prominence for his studies of the differences between Japanese and American companies and management styles. His first book in 1981 summarized his observations. Theory Z : How American Management Can Meet the Japanese Challenge and was a New York Times best-seller for over five months.
Chris Argyris (July 16, 1923 – November 16, 2013 [1]) was an American business theorist and professor at Yale School of Management and Harvard Business School.Argyris, like Richard Beckhard, Edgar Schein and Warren Bennis, [citation needed] is known as a co-founder of organization development, and known for seminal work on learning organizations.