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Pi (/ˈpaɪ/; Ancient Greek /piː/ or /peî/, uppercase Π, lowercase π, cursive ϖ; Greek: πι) is the sixteenth letter of the Greek alphabet, meaning units united, and representing the voiceless bilabial plosive IPA:.
where C is the circumference of a circle, d is the diameter, and r is the radius.More generally, = where L and w are, respectively, the perimeter and the width of any curve of constant width.
The number π (/ p aɪ /; spelled out as "pi") is a mathematical constant that is the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, approximately equal to 3.14159. The number π appears in many formulae across mathematics and physics .
The word is a play on the word "pi" itself and of the linguistic field of philology. There are many ways to memorize π, including the use of piems (a portmanteau, formed by combining pi and poem), which are poems that represent π in a way such that the length of each word (in letters) represents a digit. [1]
For example, German mathematician Ludolph van Ceulen of the 16th century spent a major part of his life calculating the first 35 digits of pi. [22] Using computers and supercomputers , some of the mathematical constants, including π, e , and the square root of 2, have been computed to more than one hundred billion digits.
𐌐 : Old Italic and Old Latin P, which derives from Greek Pi, and is the ancestor of modern Latin P. The Roman P had this form (𐌐) on coins and inscriptions until the reign of Claudius, c. 50 AD. 𐍀 : Gothic letter pertra/pairþa, which derives from Greek Pi; П п : Cyrillic letter Pe, which derives from Greek Pi Ⲡ ⲡ : Coptic letter Pi
A History of Pi (book) Indiana Pi Bill; Leibniz formula for pi; Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem (Proof that π is transcendental) List of circle topics; List of formulae involving π; Liu Hui's π algorithm; Mathematical constant (sorted by continued fraction representation) Mathematical constants and functions; Method of exhaustion; Milü; Pi ...
Calculated pi to 72 digits, but not all were correct 71: 1706: John Machin [2] 100: 1706: William Jones: Introduced the Greek letter ' π ' 1719: Thomas Fantet de Lagny [2] Calculated 127 decimal places, but not all were correct 112: 1721: Anonymous Calculation made in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, giving the