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Horticulture is the science and art of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, or ornamental plants. Horticulture is commonly associated with the more professional and technical aspects of plant cultivation on a smaller and more controlled scale than agronomy .
The horticulture industry embraces the production, processing and shipping of and the market for fruits and vegetables. As such it is a sector of agribusiness and industrialized agriculture . Industrialized horticulture sometimes also includes the floriculture industry and production and trade of ornamental plants .
Plant domestication is seen as the birth of agriculture. However, it is arguably proceeded by a very long history of gardening wild plants. While the 12,000 year-old date is the commonly accepted timeline describing plant domestication, there is now evidence from the Ohalo II hunter-gatherer site showing earlier signs of disturbing the soil and cultivation of pre-domesticated crop species. [8]
The following are some examples of names governed by the ICNCP: Clematis alpina 'Ruby': a cultivar within a species; the cultivar epithet is in single quotes and capitalized. Magnolia 'Elizabeth': a selected clone (cultivar) among a pool of hybrids between two species, Magnolia acuminata (cucumbertree) and Magnolia denudata (Yulan magnolia).
Organic horticulture techniques are used to maintain lawns and turf fields organically as required by certain laws and management plans. Beginning in the late 20th century, some large properties and municipalities required organic lawn management and organic horticulture in the maintenance of both public and private parks and properties. [8]
He created a model forest garden from a 0.12 acre (500 m 2) orchard on his farm and intended naming his gardening method ecological horticulture or ecocultivation. [88]: 45 Hart later dropped these terms once he became aware that agroforestry and forest gardens were already being used to describe similar systems in other parts of the world.
An example of initiatives in India towards exploring the world of sustainable farming has been set by the Sowgood foundation which is a nonprofit founded by educator Pragati Chaswal. [200] It started by teaching primary school children about sustainable farming by helping them farm on small farm strips in suburban farmhouses and gardens.
Agricultural technology or agrotechnology (abbreviated agtech, agritech, AgriTech, or agrotech) is the use of technology in agriculture, horticulture, and aquaculture with the aim of improving yield, efficiency, and profitability. Agricultural technology can be products, services or applications derived from agriculture that improve various ...