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Vicarious trauma, conceptually based in constructivism, [12] [13] [14] arises from interaction between individuals and their situations. A helper's personal history (including prior traumatic experiences), coping strategies, support network, and other things interact with his or her situation (including work setting, nature of the work, and clientele served) and may trigger vicarious trauma.
Psychological trauma (also known as mental trauma, psychiatric trauma, emotional damage, or psychotrauma) is an emotional response caused by severe distressing events, such as bodily injury, sexual violence, or other threats to the life of the subject or their loved ones; indirect exposure, such as from watching television news, may be extremely distressing and can produce an involuntary and ...
Research on vicarious trauma has focused on how mental health providers, medical workers, and first responders respond to the trauma they hear about in their everyday work experiences. [6] [7] While the person does not directly experience the trauma, they have symptoms like an individual diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. [6]
Secondary trauma is often used interchangeably with several terms that have similar meanings including compassion fatigue, vicarious trauma, [13] second victim syndrome, and job burnout. [6] Although there is an overlap in terminology, there are nuanced differences.
Vicarious embarrassment, also known as empathetic embarrassment, is intrinsically linked to empathy. Empathy is the ability to understand the feelings of another and is considered a highly reinforcing emotion to promote selflessness, prosocial behavior, [14] and group emotion, whereas a lack of empathy is related to antisocial behavior.
The term collective trauma calls attention to the "psychological reactions to a traumatic event that affect[s] an entire society." [ 4 ] Collective trauma does not only represent a historical fact or event, but is a collective memory of an awful event that happened to that group of people.
One such therapy is trauma-focused therapy. This therapy involves bringing the most disturbing elements of a traumatic memory to mind and using therapist-guided cognitive restructuring to change the way the memories are thought about. The change in evaluation usually involves highlighting that the feelings of certain death, extreme danger ...
Trauma- and violence-informed practices can be or are addressed in mindfulness programs, yoga, education, [75] obstetrics and gynaecology, cancer treatment, [76] psychological trauma in older adults, military sexual trauma, cybersex trafficking, sex trafficking [45] and trafficking of children, child advocacy, decarceration efforts, and peer ...