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Acute alcohol poisoning is a medical emergency due to the risk of death from respiratory depression or aspiration of vomit if vomiting occurs while the person is unresponsive. Emergency treatment strives to stabilize and maintain an open airway and sufficient breathing while waiting for the alcohol to metabolize.
An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. [1] The term ultimately derives from the Greek term φάρμακον ἀντίδοτον (pharmakon antidoton) , "(medicine) given as a remedy".
A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis concluded that there is no definitive link between alcohol-based mouthwash use and the risk of oral cancer. [21] This should not be confused with the fact that alcohol consumption at any quantity is a risk factor for alcohol and cancer such as cancers of the mouth, esophagus, pharynx and larynx. [22]
Acetate is not carcinogenic and has low toxicity, [9] but has been implicated in causing hangovers. [10] [11] Acetate is further broken down into carbon dioxide and water and eventually eliminated from the body through urine and breath. 5 to 10% of ethanol is excreted unchanged in the breath, urine, and sweat.
It is very rare for a victim of an overdose to have consumed just one drug. Most overdoses occur when drugs are ingested in combination with alcohol. [32] Drug overdose was the leading cause of injury death in 2013. Among people 25 to 64 years old, drug overdose caused more deaths than motor vehicle traffic crashes.
The four mechanisms are widely used in reducing overstimulated physiological actions. Drug antagonists can be used in a variety of medications, including anticholinergics, antihistamines, etc. The antagonistic effect can be quantified by pharmacodynamics. Some can even serve as antidotes for toxicities and overdose.
“You got all these people with this disease who need treatment,” he said. “There’s a medication that could really help us tackle this problem, help us dramatically reduce overdose death, and people are having a hard time accessing it.” The anti-medication approach adopted by the U.S. sets it apart from the rest of the developed world.
A toxicologist working in a lab (United States, 2008)Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms [1] and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.