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Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according to certain common features.. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the languages in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name.
A pictographic traffic sign (top) warning motorists of horses and riders. A pictogram (also pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto [1]) is a graphical symbol that conveys meaning through its visual resemblance to a physical object. Pictograms are used in systems of writing and visual communication.
The Indus script, also known as the Harappan script and the Indus Valley script, is a corpus of symbols produced by the Indus Valley Civilisation.Most inscriptions containing these symbols are extremely short, making it difficult to judge whether or not they constituted a writing system used to record a Harappan language, any of which are yet to be identified. [3]
The following is a list of the world's oldest surviving physical documents. Each entry is the most ancient of each language or civilization. For example, the Narmer Palette may be the most ancient from Egypt, but there are many other surviving written documents from Egypt later than the Narmer Palette but still more ancient than the Missal of Silos.
Khitan large script: Kitl: 920: by order of Abaoji: Largely undeciphered logographic script for the Khitan language. Khitan small script: Kits: ca. 924: Yelü Diela: Partially deciphered logographic script with phonetic elements for Khitan: Khom: 1924: Ong Kommandam: Semi-syllabary used for secret communication among dissidents in French Laos ...
Seals showing Indus script, an ancient undeciphered writing system Page 32 of the Voynich manuscript, a medieval manuscript written with an undeciphered writing system. Many undeciphered writing systems exist today; most date back several thousand years, although some more modern examples do exist.
This definition excludes a broader class of symbolic markings, such as drawings and maps. [ a ] [ 4 ] A text is any instance of written material, including transcriptions of spoken material. [ 5 ] The act of composing and recording a text is referred to as writing , [ 6 ] and the act of viewing and interpreting the text as reading .
This system, known as cuneiform, was pictographic at first, but later evolved into an alphabet, a series of wedge-shaped signs used to represent language phonemically. [18] At roughly the same time, the system of Egyptian hieroglyphs was developing in the Nile valley, also evolving from pictographic proto-writing to include phonemic elements. [19]