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In 2016, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN) [2] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin, dated July 2016, [3] included a table of 125 stars comprising the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN (on 30 June and 20 July 2016) together with names of stars adopted by the IAU Executive Committee ...
The earliest known galaxies existed by about 380 Ma. Galaxies coalesce into "proto-clusters" from about 1 Ga (redshift z = 6 ) and into galaxy clusters beginning at 3 Ga ( z = 2.1 ), and into superclusters from about 5 Ga ( z = 1.2 ). See: list of galaxy groups and clusters, list of superclusters. Reionization: 200 Ma ~ 1 Ga (Exact timings ...
73.3 [91] AD Second brightest star in the night sky. Gacrux (γ Crucis) 73 [92] L/T eff: Twenty-sixth brightest star in the night sky. Polaris (α Ursae Minoris) 46.27 ± 0.42 [93] AD The current star in the North Pole. It is a Classical Cepheid variable, and the brightest example of its class. Aldebaran (α Tauri) 45.1 ± 0.1 [94] AD
The concept was popularized by Carl Sagan in his 1977 book The Dragons of Eden and on his 1980 television series Cosmos. [2] Sagan goes on to extend the comparison in terms of surface area, explaining that if the Cosmic Calendar were scaled to the size of a football field, then "all of human history would occupy an area the size of [his] hand".
This body of work was collectively known as the Star Wars Expanded Universe for decades. In October 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired Lucasfilm for $4.06 billion. [1] [2] [3] In April 2014, Lucasfilm rebranded the Expanded Universe material as Star Wars Legends and declared it non-canon to the Star Wars' franchise.
The spectrum of a class M star contains lines from oxide molecules (in the visible spectrum, especially TiO) and all neutral metals, but absorption lines of hydrogen are usually absent. TiO bands can be strong in class M stars, usually dominating their visible spectrum by about M5. Vanadium(II) oxide bands become present by late M.
The Bright Star Catalogue, which is a star catalogue listing all stars of apparent magnitude 6.5 or brighter, or roughly every star visible to the naked eye from Earth, contains 9,096 stars. [1] The most voluminous modern catalogues list on the order of a billion stars, out of an estimated total of 200 to 400 billion in the Milky Way .
This timeline of the Big Bang shows a sequence of events as currently theorized. It is a logarithmic scale that shows 10 ⋅ log 10 {\displaystyle 10\cdot \log _{10}} second instead of second . For example, one microsecond is 10 ⋅ log 10 0.000001 = 10 ⋅ ( − 6 ) = − 60 {\displaystyle 10\cdot \log _{10}0.000001=10\cdot (-6)=-60} .