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Christianity and Islam are the two largest religions in the world, with approximately 2.3 billion and 1.8 billion adherents, respectively. [1] Both religions are Abrahamic and monotheistic, having originated in the Middle East. Christianity developed out of Second Temple Judaism in the 1st century CE.
Christian influences in Islam can be traced back to Eastern Christianity, which surrounded the origins of Islam. [1] Islam, emerging in the context of the Middle East that was largely Christian, was first seen as a Christological heresy known as the "heresy of the Ishmaelites", described as such in Concerning Heresy by Saint John of Damascus, a Syriac scholar.
Christianity is the largest Abrahamic religion with about 2.5 billion adherents, called Christians, constituting about 31.1% of the world's population. [156] Islam is the second largest Abrahamic religion, as well as the fastest-growing Abrahamic religion in recent decades.
For approximately a millennium, the Abrahamic religions have been predominant throughout all of the Middle East. [1] [2] [3] The Abrahamic tradition itself and the three best-known Abrahamic religions originate from the Middle East: Judaism and Christianity emerged in the Levant in the 6th century BCE and the 1st century CE, respectively, while Islam emerged in Arabia in the 7th century CE.
There are many traditions within Islam that originate from traditions which are recorded in the Hebrew Bible or stem from post-biblical Jewish traditions. These practices are known collectively as the Isra'iliyat. [20] The historical interaction between Christianity and Islam connects fundamental ideas in Christianity with similar ones in Islam ...
The early Protestants and Islam established a sense of mutual tolerance and understanding, despite theological differences on Christology, considering each other to be closer to one another than to Catholicism. [1] The Ottoman Empire supported the early Protestant churches and contributed to their survival in dire times.
The Western world, taken as consisting of Europe, the Americas, Australia-New Zealand and (in part) South Africa and Philippines, are predominantly Western Christian: 77.4% in North America (2012), [5] [6] 90% in Latin America (2011), close to 76.2% in Europe (2010), [7] (includes 35% of European Christians who are Eastern Orthodox especially ...
Christianity has a long history in Iraq, with the early conversions of the indigenous Assyrian inhabitants of Assyria (Parthian controlled Assuristan) dating from the 1st to 3rd centuries AD. This region was the birthplace of Eastern Rite ( Assyrian Church of the East ) Christianity, a flourishing Syriac literary tradition, and the centre of a ...