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A section can be halved seven times in this way, down to a 5-acre (2 ha) parcel, or half of a quarter-quarter-quarter section—an easily surveyed 50-square-chain (2 ha) area. This system was of great practical value on the American frontier, where surveyors often had a shaky grasp of mathematics and were required to work quickly.
Township lines run parallel to the baseline (east-west), while range lines run north–south; each are established at 6-mile intervals. Lastly, townships are subdivided into 36 sections of approximately 1 square mile (640 acres; 2.6 km 2) and sections into four quarter-sections of 0.25 square miles (160 acres; 0.65 km 2) each.
This quarter-section description is primarily used by the agricultural industry. The full legal description of a particular quarter section is "the Northeast Quarter of Section 20, Township 52, Range 25 west of the Fourth Meridian", abbreviated "NE-20-52-25-W4." A section may also be split into as many as 16 legal subdivisions (LSDs). LSDs are ...
Of the civil townships shown on this map, only Pine Township in the north exactly matches a survey township with 36 sections. A survey township , sometimes called a Congressional township or just township , as used by the United States Public Land Survey System and by Canada's Dominion Land Survey is a nominally-square area of land that is ...
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The sections are numbered boustrophedonically starting from the southeast corner of the township. Sections can be similarly subdivided into quarters by placing and connecting ticks at the halfway point on each section side. Use the same process to subdivide sections into legal subdivisions (LSD) except place the tick at the one-quarter ...
The first quarter of the year runs from January through March, the second quarter is from April through June, and so on. But companies operate on business-oriented “fiscal quarters” instead.
From approximately 1947–1992, the USGS produced the 7.5 minute series, with each map covering an area one-quarter of the older 15-minute quad series, which it replaced. [1] A 7.5 minute quadrangle map covers an area of 49 to 70 square miles (130 to 180 km 2 ). [ 2 ]