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Non-freezing cold injuries (NFCI) is a class of tissue damage caused by sustained exposure to low temperature without actual freezing. [1] There are several forms of NFCI, and the common names may refer to the circumstances in which they commonly occur or were first described, such as trench foot, which was named after its association with trench warfare.
Symptoms: Numbness, feeling cold, clumsiness, pale color [1] Complications: Hypothermia, compartment syndrome [2] [1] Types: Superficial, deep [2] Causes: Temperatures below freezing [1] Risk factors: Alcohol, smoking, mental health problems, certain medications, prior cold injury [1] Diagnostic method: Based on symptoms [3] Differential diagnosis
Symptoms can last from a few days to several weeks; Affected limb becomes red and swollen with bounding pulses; Numbness is replaced with increased sensitivity to pain; Severely damaged tissue may develop blisters due to pressure injury or infection [4] [15] After hyperemia. Symptoms can last from a few weeks to several years
Symptoms include bluish skin, dilated pupils, slowed pulse and breathing, low blood pressure and loss of consciousness. In severe cases, a person’s heart can stop beating, and they may require CPR.
Hypothermia continues to be a major limitation to swimming or diving in cold water. [35] The reduction in finger dexterity due to pain or numbness decreases general safety and work capacity, which consequently increases the risk of other injuries. [35] [36]
This is a shortened version of the sixteenth chapter of the ICD-9: Symptoms, Signs and Ill-defined Conditions. It covers ICD codes 780 to 799. The full chapter can be found on pages 455 to 471 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.
List of medical symptoms. Medical symptoms refer to the manifestations or indications of a disease or condition, perceived and complained about by the patient. [1] [2] Patients observe these symptoms and seek medical advice from healthcare professionals.
This is a shortened version of the sixth chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs. It covers ICD codes 320 to 389. The full chapter can be found on pages 215 to 258 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.