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Similarly to bone, antler may be used in its natural form, polished with abrasives for a glossy surface, and treated with a burning process for a charred finish and color. Antler has been used for numerous objects throughout history including tools such as hammer batons, knife handles, pressure flakers, and conical arrow points.
An antler on a red deer stag. Velvet covers a growing antler, providing blood flow that supplies oxygen and nutrients. Each antler grows from an attachment point on the skull called a pedicle. While an antler is growing, it is covered with highly vascular skin called velvet, which supplies oxygen and nutrients to the growing bone. [6]
Velvet antler is the whole cartilaginous antler in a precalcified growth stage of the Cervidae family including the species of deer such as elk, moose, and caribou. Velvet antler is covered in a hairy, velvet-like "skin" known as velvet and its tines are rounded, because the antler has not calcified or finished developing.
Fungi attack wood (both timber and lumber) when these conditions are all present: The wood moisture content is above 25% on a dry-weight basis; The environment is sufficiently warm; Oxygen (O 2) is present; Wood with less than 25% moisture (dry weight basis) can remain free of decay for centuries.
Any wood grain with very fine fibers of cells that are not visibly porous. compass saw conversion The reduction of a whole log into pieces suitable for working. Conversion can be done in three basic ways: sawn, hewn, or split. coping saw crook Longitudinal bending to one side, caused by uneven seasoning or grain. See wood warping. crotch
Females have a mean weight of 275 kilograms (606 lb). [26] The elk is the second largest extant species of deer, after the moose. [27] Antlers are made of bone, which can grow at a rate of 2.5 centimeters (0.98 in) per day. While actively growing, a soft layer of highly vascularized skin known as velvet covers and protects them
Any part of the skeleton can potentially be utilized; however, antlers [1] and long bones provide some of the best working material. Long bone fragments can be shaped, by scraping against an abrasive stone, into such items as arrow and spear points, needles, awls, and fish hooks. Other bone tools include spoons, knives, awls, pins, fish hooks ...
Wood slabs can also become warped as a result of insufficient support from underlying shelf hardware (commonly referred to as sagging or bowing). [2] The types of wood warping include: bow: a warp along the length of the face of the wood; crook: a warp along the length of the edge of the wood; kink: a localized crook, often due to a knot