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Thomas M. Cover [ˈkoʊvər] (August 7, 1938 – March 26, 2012) was an American information theorist and professor jointly in the Departments of Electrical Engineering and Statistics at Stanford University. He devoted almost his entire career to developing the relationship between information theory and statistics.
The amount of information acquired due to the observation of event i follows from Shannon's solution of the fundamental properties of information: [13] I( p ) is monotonically decreasing in p : an increase in the probability of an event decreases the information from an observed event, and vice versa.
The landmark event establishing the discipline of information theory and bringing it to immediate worldwide attention was the publication of Claude E. Shannon's classic paper "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" in the Bell System Technical Journal in July and October 1948.
Capacity of the two-way channel: The capacity of the two-way channel (a channel in which information is sent in both directions simultaneously) is unknown. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Capacity of Aloha : The ALOHAnet used a very simple access scheme for which the capacity is still unknown, though it is known in a few special cases.
In information theory, the typical set is a set of sequences whose probability is close to two raised to the negative power of the entropy of their source distribution. That this set has total probability close to one is a consequence of the asymptotic equipartition property (AEP) which is a kind of law of large numbers .
Given a discrete-time stationary ergodic stochastic process on the probability space (,,), the asymptotic equipartition property is an assertion that, almost surely, (,, …,) where () or simply denotes the entropy rate of , which must exist for all discrete-time stationary processes including the ergodic ones.
Many of the concepts in information theory have separate definitions and formulas for continuous and discrete cases. For example, entropy is usually defined for discrete random variables, whereas for continuous random variables the related concept of differential entropy, written (), is used (see Cover and Thomas, 2006, chapter 8).
Landauer's principle is a physical principle pertaining to a lower theoretical limit of energy consumption of computation.It holds that an irreversible change in information stored in a computer, such as merging two computational paths, dissipates a minimum amount of heat to its surroundings. [1]