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The State Security Agency (SSA) is the department of the South African government with overall responsibility for civilian intelligence operations. It was created in October 2009 to incorporate the formerly separate National Intelligence Agency, South African Secret Service, South African National Academy of Intelligence, National Communications Centre, and COMSEC.
The NIA was formed in 1994, the same year South Africa's first multi-racial elections were held. It was created to take over from the domestic intelligence segment of the then National Intelligence Service (NIS) with the foreign intelligence functions being taken over by the South African Secret Service (SASS).
In a 1998 report on the former South African government and its security forces, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) castigated South Africa's last hard-line apartheid president P.W. Botha and held him responsible for gross human rights violations, including all violence sanctioned by the State Security Council. The report said:
Individual components of homeland security, counter-terrorism, and emergency management responsibilities are spread throughout the government; different agencies look at various issues; for example, one group handles threat assessment, while another one is responsible for intelligence gathering, and border control and financial questions are ...
Národný bezpečnostný úrad (NBÚ) — National Security Bureau; South Africa. Defence Intelligence Division (DID) National Intelligence Agency (NIA) State Security Agency (SSA) South African Secret Service (SASS) South Korea. Defense Counterintelligence Command (DCC) Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) Naval Intelligence Group (NIG)
Prior to 2009, the Service was a self-governing organisation which was a member of the National Intelligence Co-Ordinating Committee (NICOC). Since 2009, the South African Secret Service is now a division of the State Security Agency (South Africa) and still responsible for foreign intelligence, retaining its own branch Director. [4]
The South African General Intelligence Laws Amendment Bill, 2011, sets out the structure of NICOC as: The Co-ordinator for Intelligence. The Director-General of the State Security Agency. The Director or Head of the domestic intelligence division known previously as the National Intelligence Agency.
The Defence Intelligence Division of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF-ID also known as Defence Intelligence) is the primary military intelligence agency of South Africa which came into being on 27 April 1994. [3] [4] The other intelligence agencies of the country are: The National Intelligence Co-Ordinating Committee (NICOC)