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  2. Punctuated equilibrium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctuated_equilibrium

    However, the punctuational equilibrium model may still be inferred from both the observation of stasis and examples of rapid and episodic speciation events documented in the fossil record. [70] Dawkins also emphasizes that punctuated equilibrium has been "oversold by some journalists", [71] but partly due to Eldredge and Gould's "later writings ...

  3. Dawkins vs. Gould - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawkins_vs._Gould

    A period of stasis then occurs until the species either becomes extinct or splits again. Gould argued that punctuated equilibrium challenges the gradual change expected by extrapolationists. In the case of Hominid evolution, there is the evolutionary trend of marked increase in brain size.

  4. Speciation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation

    Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.The biologist Orator F. Cook coined the term in 1906 for cladogenesis, the splitting of lineages, as opposed to anagenesis, phyletic evolution within lineages.

  5. Bak–Sneppen model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bak–Sneppen_model

    The Bak–Sneppen model is a simple model of co-evolution between interacting species. It was developed to show how self-organized criticality may explain key features of the fossil record, such as the distribution of sizes of extinction events and the phenomenon of punctuated equilibrium. It is named after Per Bak and Kim Sneppen.

  6. Punctuated gradualism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctuated_gradualism

    Punctuated gradualism is considered to be a variation of these models, lying somewhere in between the phyletic gradualism model and the punctuated equilibrium model. It states that speciation is not needed for a lineage to rapidly evolve from one equilibrium to another but may show rapid transitions between long-stable states.

  7. Extended evolutionary synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_evolutionary...

    In the 1980s, the American palaeontologists Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge argued for an extended synthesis based on their idea of punctuated equilibrium, the role of species selection shaping large scale evolutionary patterns and natural selection working on multiple levels extending from genes to species. [30] [31] [32] [33]

  8. Allochronic speciation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allochronic_speciation

    Allochronic speciation (also known as allochronic isolation, or temporal isolation) is a form of speciation (specifically ecological speciation) arising from reproductive isolation that occurs due to a change in breeding time that reduces or eliminates gene flow between two populations of a species.

  9. Sympatric speciation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympatric_speciation

    A rare example of sympatric speciation in animals is the divergence of "resident" and "transient" orca forms in the northeast Pacific. [26] Resident and transient orcas inhabit the same waters, but avoid each other and do not interbreed. The two forms hunt different prey species and have different diets, vocal behaviour, and social structures.