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Hydrochloric acid has been used for dissolving calcium carbonate, e.g. such things as de-scaling kettles and for cleaning mortar off brickwork. When used on brickwork the reaction with the mortar only continues until the acid has all been converted, producing calcium chloride, carbon dioxide, and water: CaCO 3 + 2 HCl → CaCl 2 + CO 2 + H 2 O
Most hydrogen chloride is consumed in the production of hydrochloric acid. It is also used in the production of vinyl chloride and many alkyl chlorides. [13] Trichlorosilane, a precursor to ultrapure silicon, is produced by the reaction of hydrogen chloride and silicon at around 300 °C. [18] Si + 3 HCl → HSiCl 3 + H 2
For example, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is a diprotic acid. Since only 0.5 mol of H 2 SO 4 are needed to neutralize 1 mol of OH −, the equivalence factor is: f eq (H 2 SO 4) = 0.5. If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is c(H 2 SO 4) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be called a "2 normal" solution.
Substance Formula 0 °C 10 °C 20 °C 30 °C 40 °C 50 °C 60 °C 70 °C 80 °C 90 °C 100 °C Barium acetate: Ba(C 2 H 3 O 2) 2: 58.8: 62: 72: 75: 78.5: 77: 75
The molar ionic strength, I, of a solution is a function of the concentration of all ions present in that solution. [3]= = where one half is because we are including both cations and anions, c i is the molar concentration of ion i (M, mol/L), z i is the charge number of that ion, and the sum is taken over all ions in the solution.
More dramatically, a long-chain hydrocarbon like squalene (C 30 H 62) has a viscosity an order of magnitude larger than the shorter n-alkanes (roughly 31 mPa·s at 25 °C). This is also the reason oils tend to be highly viscous, since they are usually composed of long-chain hydrocarbons.
10 NH 4 Cl + Sm 2 O 3 → 2 (NH 4) 2 [SmCl 5] + 6 NH 3 + 3 H 2 O. The pentachloride is then heated to 350-400 °C resulting in evolution of ammonium chloride and leaving a residue of the anhydrous trichloride: (NH 4) 2 [SmCl 5] → 2 NH 4 Cl + SmCl 3. It can also be prepared from samarium metal and hydrochloric acid. [3] [4] 2 Sm + 6 HCl → 2 ...
r 2 nh + pcl 3 + ch 2 o → (ho) 2 p(o)ch 2 nr 2 + 3 hcl The herbicide glyphosate is also produced this way. The reaction of PCl 3 with Grignard reagents and organolithium reagents is a useful method for the preparation of organic phosphines with the formula R 3 P (sometimes called phosphanes) such as triphenylphosphine , Ph 3 P.