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Brazil inherited a highly traditional and stratified class structure from its colonial period with deep inequality. In recent decades, the emergence of a large middle class has contributed to increase social mobility and alleviating income disparity, but the situation remains grave. Brazil ranks 54th among world countries by Gini index. [148]
The Afro-Brazilian and Indigenous History and Culture Law (Law No. 11.645/2008) mandates the teaching of Afro-Brazilian and Indigenous History and Culture in Brazil. The law was enacted on 10 March 2008, amending Law No. 9.394 of 20 December 1996, as modified by Law No. 10.639 of 9 January 2003.
Indigenous people constitute the fifth largest racial group of Brazil, with 1,693,535 Indigenous people recorded by the 2022 census. [74] This is the only category of the Brazilian "racial" classification that is not based on a skin color, but rather on cultural and ethnic belonging.
This is a list of the Brazil's Indigenous or Native peoples. This is a sortable listing of peoples, associated languages, Indigenous locations, and population estimates with dates. A particular group listing may include more than one area because the group is distributed in more than one area.
The Pirahã (Portuguese pronunciation: [piɾaˈhɐ̃]) [a] are an indigenous people of the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil. They are the sole surviving subgroup of the Mura people, and are hunter-gatherers. They live mainly on the banks of the Maici River in Humaitá and Manicoré in the state of Amazonas. As of 2018, they number 800 individuals. [2]
Portuguese immigrants arriving in Rio de Janeiro European immigrants arriving in São Paulo. The Brazilian population was formed by the influx of Portuguese settlers and African slaves, mostly Bantu and West African populations [4] (such as the Yoruba, Ewe, and Fanti-Ashanti), into a territory inhabited by various indigenous South American tribal populations, mainly Tupi, Guarani and Ge.
Brazil's population pyramid in 2017 Dutch descendants in Holambra Croatian descendants in Brazil Swiss descendants in São Paulo. The conception of "white" in Brazil is similar to other Latin American countries yet different to the United States, where historically only people of entirely or (almost entirely) European ancestry have been considered white, due to the one drop rule. [10]
The Founding of the Brazilian Fatherland, a 1899 allegorical painting depicting statesman José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva, one of the founding fathers of the country, with the Brazilian imperial flag and three major ethnic groups in Brazil. The formation of the Brazilian people is characterized by the mixing of whites, blacks and Indians. [22]