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Lactic acid fermentation is a metabolic process by which glucose or other six-carbon sugars (also, disaccharides of six-carbon sugars, e.g. sucrose or lactose) are converted into cellular energy and the metabolite lactate, which is lactic acid in solution. It is an anaerobic fermentation reaction that occurs in some bacteria and animal cells ...
Lactic acid is used as a food preservative, curing agent, and flavoring agent. [51] It is an ingredient in processed foods and is used as a decontaminant during meat processing. [52] Lactic acid is produced commercially by fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, or lactose, or by chemical synthesis. [51]
The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are either rod-shaped (bacilli), or spherical (cocci), and are characterized by an increased tolerance to acidity (low pH range). This aspect helps LAB to outcompete other bacteria in a natural fermentation, as they can withstand the increased acidity from organic acid production (e.g., lactic acid).
It is the type of bacteria that convert lactose into lactic acid in yogurt, giving it its sour taste. These lactic acid bacteria can carry out either homolactic fermentation , where the end-product is mostly lactic acid, or heterolactic fermentation , where some lactate is further metabolized to ethanol and carbon dioxide [ 18 ] (via the ...
Lactobacillus is a genus of gram-positive, aerotolerant anaerobes or microaerophilic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria. [2] [3] Until 2020, the genus Lactobacillus comprised over 260 phylogenetically, ecologically, and metabolically diverse species; a taxonomic revision of the genus assigned lactobacilli to 25 genera (see § Taxonomy below).
Cori cycle. The Cori cycle (also known as the lactic acid cycle), named after its discoverers, Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Cori, [1] is a metabolic pathway in which lactate, produced by anaerobic glycolysis in muscles, is transported to the liver and converted to glucose, which then returns to the muscles and is cyclically metabolized back to lactate.
Leuconostoc lactis is a Gram-positive, non-motile, lactic acid bacterium that thrive best in acidic conditions and moderate temperatures. [2][1] L. lactis is capable of acidifying culture media through lactose fermentation to pH levels of 4.0-4.1, and milk to levels below 5.4. [4] The availability of citrate to co-metabolize with lactose allows ...
When L. lactis ssp. lactis is added to milk, the bacterium uses enzymes to produce energy molecules , from lactose. The byproduct of ATP energy production is lactic acid. The lactic acid produced by the bacterium curdles the milk, which then separates to form curds that are used to produce cheese. [11]