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What is bacteria and how the cell looks like under a microscope: learn its facts, types, characteristics, structure, & reproduction using examples & labeled picture
The Atlas of Bacterial & Archaeal Cell Structure, an open-access digital textbook, showcases microbial cells imaged by 3D electron microscopy.
Bacterial cell structure. A bacterium, despite its simplicity, contains a well-developed cell structure which is responsible for some of its unique biological structures and pathogenicity. Many structural features are unique to bacteria and are not found among archaea or eukaryotes.
Structure and Function of a Typical Bacterial Cell with Diagram. The cell structure includes a complex membrane, membrane-bound protoplast, cell walls, cytoplasm, and nucleoids that contain genetic material. A bacterial cell’s outer layer or cell envelope comprises two components. A rigid cell wall.
The structure of the bacteria consists of three major parts: Outer layer (cell envelope), cell interior, and additional structures. Outer layer (Cell envelope): It includes the cell wall of bacteria and the plasma membrane beneath it.
Bacteria are prokaryotes, lacking well-defined nuclei and membrane-bound organelles, and with chromosomes composed of a single closed DNA circle. They come in many shapes and sizes, from minute spheres, cylinders and spiral threads, to flagellated rods, and filamentous chains.
Key Points. A cell wall is a layer located outside the cell membrane found in plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, and archaea. A peptidoglycan cell wall composed of disaccharides and amino acids gives bacteria structural support. The bacterial cell wall is often a target for antibiotic treatment.
Resumen. Bacteria are prokaryotic, single-celled organisms that are found almost anywhere in the environment. Some are known to cause diseases, whereas others live as normal flora in different body parts such as the gut, skin, and genital organs.
Introduction to the Atlas of Bacterial & Archaeal Cell Structure, a free multimedia microbiology textbook showcasing real images of bacteria and archaea.
Most bacteria have a complex cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan (also called murein, mucopeptide). This complex polymer consists of three parts, A backbone consisting of alternating units of NAG (N-acetylglucosamine) and NAM (N-acetylmuramic acid). Tetrapeptide side chain attached to NAM.