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In most bacteria the most numerous intracellular structure is the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis in all living organisms. All prokaryotes have 70S (where S= Svedberg units) ribosomes while eukaryotes contain larger 80S ribosomes in their cytosol. The 70S ribosome is made up of a 50S and 30S subunits.
The bacterial capsule is a large structure common to many bacteria. [1] It is a polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope, and is thus deemed part of the outer envelope of a bacterial cell. It is a well-organized layer, not easily washed off, and it can be the cause of various diseases. [2][3]
Bacterial cellular morphologies are the shapes that are characteristic of various types of bacteria and often key to their identification. Their direct examination under a light microscope enables the classification of these bacteria (and archaea). Generally, the basic morphologies are spheres (coccus) and round-ended cylinders or rod shaped ...
Bacteria can be classified on the basis of cell structure, cellular metabolism or on differences in cell components, such as DNA, fatty acids, pigments, antigens and quinones. [116] While these schemes allowed the identification and classification of bacterial strains, it was unclear whether these differences represented variation between ...
Gram staining is a bacteriological laboratory technique [7] used to differentiate bacterial species into two large groups (gram-positive and gram-negative) based on the physical properties of their cell walls. [8][page needed] Gram staining can also be used to diagnose a fungal infection. [1]
Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells. [1] This takes place through a pilus. [2][full citation needed] It is a parasexual mode of reproduction in bacteria. A micrograph displaying Escherichia coli undergoing bacterial ...
The cell envelope comprises the inner cell membrane and the cell wall of a bacterium. In Gram-negative bacteria an outer membrane is also included. [1] This envelope is not present in the Mollicutes where the cell wall is absent. Bacterial cell envelopes fall into two major categories: a Gram-positive type which stains purple during Gram ...
The structure of the Bacterial Microcompartment shell. The first structure of a BMC shell, determined by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy, [1] contains representatives of each of the shell protein types: BMC-P, BMC-H and BMC-T, in both its trimer (upper right) and dimer of trimer (lower right), forms.
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