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American Concrete Institute. The American Concrete Institute (ACI, formerly National Association of Cement Users or NACU) is a non-profit technical society and standards developing organization. ACI was founded in January 1905 during a convention in Indianapolis. [1][2] The Institute's headquarters are currently located in Farmington Hills ...
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The ACI codebook puts an upward limit on the spacing between ties. ACI Code 7.10.5: Vertical spacing of ties shall not exceed 16 longitudinal bar diameters, 48 tie bar or wire diameters, or least dimension of the compression member. If the ties are spaced too far apart, the column will experience shearfailure and barrel in between the ties. [4]
As an example, ACI 318 specifies either Type 1 (125% Fy) or Type 2 (125% Fy and 100% Fu) performance criteria. [ 32 ] For concrete structures designed with ductility in mind, it is recommended that the mechanical connections are also capable of failing in a ductile manner, typically known in the reinforcing steel industry as achieving "bar-break".
The ultimate strength of concrete is influenced by the water-cementitious ratio (w/cm), the design constituents, and the mixing, placement and curing methods employed.All things being equal, concrete with a lower water-cement (cementitious) ratio makes a stronger concrete than that with a higher ratio. [2]
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Reinforced concrete structures are normally designed according to rules and regulations or recommendation of a code such as ACI-318, CEB, Eurocode 2 or the like. WSD, USD or LRFD methods are used in design of RC structural members. Analysis and design of RC members can be carried out by using linear or non-linear approaches.
Anchor channels and channel bolts are qualified in Europe according to EAD 330008-XX-0601 and designed according to EN 1992-4. In the US, the system is qualified according to Acceptance Criteria AC232 and designed according to AC232 and ACI 318.