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  2. Samuel Orton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Orton

    Later, Orton began working with psychologist Anna Gillingham, who introduced a systematic and orderly approach of categorizing and teaching a set of 70 phonograms, single letters and letter pairs representing the 44 discrete sounds (or phonemes) found in English.

  3. Phonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonics

    Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...

  4. Phonogram (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonogram_(linguistics)

    A phonogram is a grapheme i.e. one or more written characters which represent a phoneme (speech sound), [1] rather than a bigger linguistic unit such as morphemes or words. [2] For example, "igh" is an English-language phonogram that represents the / aɪ / sound in "high". Whereas the word phonemes refers to the sounds, the word phonogram ...

  5. Synthetic phonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_phonics

    Analogy phonics is a particular type of analytic phonics in which the teacher has students analyse phonic elements according to the speech sounds in the word. For example, a type of phonogram (known in linguistics as a rime) is composed of the vowel and the consonant sounds that follow it (e.g. in the words cat, mat and sat, the rime is "at".)

  6. English phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_phonology

    A phoneme of a language or dialect is an abstraction of a speech sound or of a group of different sounds that are all perceived to have the same function by speakers of that particular language or dialect. For example, the English word through consists of three phonemes: the initial "th" sound, the "r" sound, and a vowel sound.

  7. Phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonology

    t. e. Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phones or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs. The term can also refer specifically to the sound or sign system of a particular language variety. At one time, the study of phonology related only to the study of the systems of ...

  8. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    The official chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script.It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standard written representation for the sounds of speech. [1]

  9. Sound recording and reproduction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and...

    Frances Densmore and Blackfoot chief Mountain Chief working on a recording project of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1916). Sound recording and reproduction is the electrical, mechanical, electronic, or digital inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects.