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Sample flowchart representing a decision process when confronted with a lamp that fails to light. In psychology, decision-making (also spelled decision making and decisionmaking) is regarded as the cognitive process resulting in the selection of a belief or a course of action among several possible alternative options.
Neglect of probability, the tendency to completely disregard probability when making a decision under uncertainty. [52] Scope neglect or scope insensitivity, the tendency to be insensitive to the size of a problem when evaluating it. For example, being willing to pay as much to save 2,000 children or 20,000 children.
A continually evolving list of cognitive biases has been identified over the last six decades of research on human judgment and decision-making in cognitive science, social psychology, and behavioral economics. The study of cognitive biases has practical implications for areas including clinical judgment, entrepreneurship, finance, and management.
[6] [2] [7] It is also possible that choice-supportive memories arise because an individual is only paying attention to certain pieces of information when making a decision or to post-choice cognitive dissonance. [5] In addition, biases can also arise because they are closely related to the high level cognitive operations and complex social ...
The economist and cognitive psychologist Herbert A. Simon introduced the concept of heuristics in the 1950s, suggesting there were limitations to rational decision making. In the 1970s, psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman added to the field with their research on cognitive bias .
Associated cognitive functions include inhibition of inappropriate responses, decision making and motivated behaviors. Lesions in this area can lead to low drive states such as apathy , abulia or akinetic mutism and may also result in low drive states for such basic needs as food or drink and possibly decreased interest in social or vocational ...
The psychology of reasoning (also known as the cognitive science of reasoning [1]) is the study of how people reason, often broadly defined as the process of drawing conclusions to inform how people solve problems and make decisions. [2]
Decision field theory (DFT) is a dynamic-cognitive approach to human decision making.It is a cognitive model that describes how people actually make decisions rather than a rational or normative theory that prescribes what people should or ought to do.