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Ocular ischemic syndrome is the constellation of ocular signs and symptoms secondary to severe, chronic arterial hypoperfusion to the eye. [1] Amaurosis fugax is a form of acute vision loss caused by reduced blood flow to the eye; it may be a warning sign of an impending stroke, as both stroke and retinal artery occlusion can be caused by thromboembolism due to atherosclerosis elsewhere in the ...
Optic neuropathy is damage to the optic nerve from any cause. The optic nerve is a bundle of millions of fibers in the retina that sends visual signals to the brain. Damage and death of these nerve cells, or neurons, leads to characteri
Retinal tufts increase the risk of a retinal tear or a detached retina, although the risk is not high- 1% of tufts are thought to lead to retinal detachment. [ 2 ] [ 6 ] In addition if there is retinal thinning near a zonular traction tuft, there is an increased risk of retinal detachment.
Surgically correct retinal detachment by scleral buckle or pars plana vitrectomy. [1] Prior to surgery, oral or topical anti glaucoma drugs may be used to reduce IOP. [1] After surgical correction of the retinal detachment, the condition resolves, aqueous cells disappear and IOP normalizes. [3] The condition is not responsive to corticosteroid ...
Fundus of geographic atrophy. Geographic atrophy (GA), also known as atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or advanced dry AMD, is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration that can result in the progressive and irreversible loss of retinal tissue (photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris) which can lead to a loss of central vision over time.
[6] [9] [10] This is the most common type of retinal detachment. [6] Tractional retinal detachment occurs when scar tissue on the retina exerts a pulling force, leading to detachment. [6] [10] This is occurs in the absence of retinal tears or breaks and is most commonly associated with abnormal blood vessel growth due to proliferative diabetic ...
Diagnosis requires exclusion of other neurological, ophthalmological, and systemic conditions. [3] Any cause of optic neuropathy should be ruled out, including demyelinating ( MOG antibody disease , multiple sclerosis , and neuromyelitis optica ) and systemic disease (diabetic, toxic, nutritional, and infectious causes). [ 3 ]
The optic disc is where the axons from the retinal ganglion cells collect into the optic nerve. The optic nerve is the bundle of axons that carry the visual signals from the eye to the brain. This optic nerve must penetrate through the wall of the eye, and the hole to accommodate this is usually 20-30% larger than the nerve diameter.