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In medicine, not otherwise specified (NOS) is a subcategory in systems of disease/disorder classification such as ICD-9, ICD-10, or DSM-IV. It is generally used to note the presence of an illness where the symptoms presented were sufficient to make a general diagnosis , but where a specific diagnosis was not made.
The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) refers to the diagnosis as "Other dissociative and conversion disorders". [1] Under the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) , it is known as " Other specified dissociative disorder " ( OSDD ).
Brief psychotic disorder—according to the classifications of mental disorders DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5—is a psychotic condition involving the sudden onset of at least one psychotic symptom (such as disorganized thought/speech, delusions, hallucinations, or grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior) lasting 1 day to 1 month, often accompanied by emotional turmoil.
Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder, with delusions: 292.12: Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder, with hallucinations: 292.9: Cannabis-related disorder NOS: 293.89: Catatonic disorder due to ... [indicate the general medical condition] V71.02: Child or adolescent antisocial behavior: 299.10: Childhood disintegrative disorder: 307.22: Chronic ...
First-rank symptoms are psychotic symptoms that are particularly characteristic of schizophrenia, which were put forward by Kurt Schneider in 1959. [13] Their reliability for the diagnosis of schizophrenia has been questioned since then. [14] A 2015 systematic review investigated the diagnostic accuracy of first rank symptoms:
The early idea that a person with schizophrenia might present solely with symptoms and indications of deterioration (i.e. presenting with no accessory symptoms [18] [19]) was identified as dementia simplex. [20] ICD-10 specifies the continuation of symptoms for a period of two years in the diagnosis of simple schizophrenia.
The ICD-10 [6] and DSM-IV do not specify any diagnostic criteria—apart from approximate answers—as a requirement for a Ganser syndrome diagnosis. [8] Most case studies of the syndrome also depend on the presence of approximate answers and at least one of the other symptoms described by Ganser in his original paper. [4]
Paraphrenia is often associated with a physical change in the brain, such as a tumor, stroke, ventricular enlargement, or neurodegenerative process. [4] Research that reviewed the relationship between organic brain lesions and the development of delusions suggested that "brain lesions which lead to subcortical dysfunction could produce delusions when elaborated by an intact cortex".