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Ibid. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning ' in the same place ', commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item. This is similar to idem, literally meaning ' the same ', abbreviated id., which is commonly used in legal ...
idem is a Latin term meaning "the same". It is commonly abbreviated as id. , which is particularly used in legal citations to denote the previously cited source (compare ibid. ). It is also used in academic citations to replace the name of a repeated author.
Op. cit. is contrasted with ibid., an abbreviation of the Latin adverb ibidem, meaning "in the same place; in that very place" [3] [4] which refers the reader to the title of the work in the preceding footnote. The easily confused idem (sometimes abbreviated id.
idem (id.) the same: Used to refer to something that has already been cited; ditto. See also ibidem. idem quod (i.q.) the same as: Not to be confused with an intelligence quotient. Idus Martiae: the Ides of March: In the Roman calendar, the Ides of March refers to the 15th day of March.
Loc. cit. (Latin, short for loco citato, meaning "in the place cited") is a footnote or endnote term used to repeat the title and page number for a given work (and author). ...
Constructs such as ibid., loc. cit. and idem are discouraged by Wikipedia's style guide for footnotes, as they are easily broken. Please improve this article by replacing them with named references (quick guide), or an abbreviated title. (April 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message
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The primary difference is that the Michigan system "omits all periods in citations, uses italics somewhat differently, and does not use 'small caps.'" [37] As noted, Texas merely supplements The Bluebook with items that are unique to Texas courts, such as citing cases when Texas was an independent republic, [38] petition and writ history, [39 ...