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An example of Ibid. citations in use, from Justice by Michael J. Sandel.. Ibid. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning ' in the same place ', commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item.
Used when referring the reader to a passage beginning in a certain place, and continuing, e.g., "p.6 et seqq." means "page 6 and the pages that follow". Use et seqq. or et sequa. if "the following" is plural. et ux. et uxor "and wife" et vir "and husband" dwt. denarius weight "pennyweight" [1] This is a mixture of Latin and English ...
idem is a Latin term meaning "the same". It is commonly abbreviated as id., which is particularly used in legal citations to denote the previously cited source (compare ibid.).
The use of supra should be done with care and only when the user fully understands its usage as it could be very confusing to readers if not used appropriately. More generally, the phrase vide supra or v.s. , often enclosed in parentheses, is used simply to refer the reader to preceding text.
Approximately 38.4 million Americans had been diagnosed with diabetes as of 2021 — but about three times that many are in danger of developing the disease, even if they don’t know it.. Nearly ...
The use of ibid., id., or similar abbreviations is discouraged, as they may become broken as new references are added (op. cit. is less problematic in that it should refer explicitly to a citation contained in the article; however, not all readers are familiar with the meaning of the terms).
To look at the impact of levothyroxine use on a similar cohort of adults, in their latest research, the authors studied 32 males and 49 females who were aged 65 or over at the start of the study ...
Unexplained changes in cholesterol may help identify older adults at risk for dementia,study finds. Experts explain cholesterol and dementia risk.