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Alexander the Great, king of Macedonia, launched an invasion of the Achaemenid Empire in 333 BC. Defeating King Darius III in the key battles of Issus (333 BC) and Gaugamela (331 BC), Alexander captured the major cities of Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis, and in 330 BC marched eastwards to confront the remaining Persian forces led by Bessus in Bactria. [11]
The location of the Qurnah Disaster, where hundreds of cases of antiquities from Fresnel's mission were lost in 1855 "Entry of Alexander into Babylon", a 1665 painting by Charles LeBrun, depicts Alexander the Great's uncontested entry into the city of Babylon, envisioned with pre-existing Hellenistic architecture.
This list contains settlements established or re-established on the order of Alexander the Great himself, often in his presence and always before his death in 323 BC.It does not include any posthumous foundations or refoundations; nor does it include settlements which only claimed a relationship to the Macedonian king.
[130] [131] Choosing a local helped him control these lands that were distant from Greece. [132] Alexander founded two cities on opposite sides of the Hydaspes river, naming one Bucephala, in honour of his horse, who died around this time. [133] The other was Nicaea (Victory), thought to be located at the site of modern-day Mong, Punjab. [134]
Reverse with the Greek legend: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ ΘΕΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥΣ ΝΙΚΗΦΟΡΟΥ, Basileōs Antiochou Theou Epiphanous Nikēphorou, "of Victorious God Manifest King Antiochus." Seleucid Syria in early 124 BC under Alexander II Zabinas, who ruled the country with the exception of the city of Ptolemais
Philip II's son Alexander the Great, leading a federation of Greek states, accomplished his father's objective of commanding the whole of Greece when he destroyed Thebes after the city revolted. During Alexander's subsequent campaign of conquest, he overthrew the Achaemenid Empire and conquered territory that stretched as far as the Indus River.
This is an incomplete list of ancient Greek cities, including colonies outside Greece, and including settlements that were not sovereign poleis.Many colonies outside Greece were soon assimilated to some other language but a city is included here if at any time its population or the dominant stratum within it spoke Greek.
Babylonia (/ ˌ b æ b ɪ ˈ l oʊ n i ə /; Akkadian: 𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠, māt Akkadī) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Iran).