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The downwelling over the nightside causes adiabatic heating of the air, which forms a warm layer in the nightside mesosphere at the altitudes 90–120 km. [3] [2] The temperature of this layer—230 K (−43 °C)—is far higher than the typical temperature found in the nightside thermosphere—100 K (−173 °C). [2]
the infrared 1 μm camera (IR1) is imaging on the night side heat radiation (0.90–1.01 μm) emitted from Venus's surface and help researchers to spot active volcanoes, if they exist. While on the day side, it sensed the solar near-infrared radiation (0.90 μm) reflected by the middle clouds.
Where Earth's surface has liquid water and supports life, Venus experiences a mean surface temperature of over 400 °C, and a carbon dioxide rich atmosphere with a surface pressure of about 92 times that of Earth at sea-level. Little is known about Venus' surface composition.
The very first visible-light images of Venus' surface from space have been captured by NASA's Parker Solar Probe, and it could help researchers piece together the mysteries of the distant planet.
The probe confirmed the earlier data on the high Venus surface temperature and pressure (470 degrees Celsius, 90 atmospheres) returned by Venera 7, and also measured the light level as being suitable for surface photography, finding it to be similar to the amount of light on Earth on an overcast day with roughly 1 km visibility.
Surface of Venus from Venera 13. In 1982, the Soviet Venera 13 sent the first colour image of Venus's surface, revealing an orange-brown flat bedrock surface covered with loose regolith and small flat thin angular rocks. [30] and analysed the X-ray fluorescence of an excavated soil sample. The probe operated for a record 127 minutes on the ...
For comparison, the hottest planet in the Solar System is Venus, with a temperature of 737 K (464 °C; 867 °F). ... with a temperature comparable to K-type stars.
A small probe (1-antenna, 2-temperature sensor, 3-frontal protection, 4-hermetic container, 5-nephelometer, 6-radiometer) Entry of Pioneer Venus Multiprobe (comprising 1 large and 3 small probes) Pioneer Venus Large Probe descent sequence. Three identical small probes, around 0.8 meters (2 ft 7 in) in diameter, were deployed.
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