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Physical training has been present in some human societies throughout history. Usually, people trained to prepare for physical competition or display, to improve physical, emotional and mental health, and to look attractive. [1] The activity took a variety of different forms but quick dynamic exercises were favoured over slow or more static ones.
During the early and mid-19th century, these printed works and items of apparatus generally addressed exercise as a form of remedial physical therapy. Certain items of equipment and types of exercise were common to several different physical culture systems, including exercises with Indian clubs, medicine balls, wooden or iron wands and dumbbells.
From their results, Drs. Kraus and Weber concluded that, despite American children's high standard of living, they lacked "sufficient exercise to keep them at the minimum level of muscular fitness." [4] The study had a sensational effect on American media, provoking alarm in parents, school administrators, and government officials. [4]
Exercises were intended to tone legs, and strengthen the core and arms, while improving flexibility and grace. Some exercises included basic squats with knees together, ballet positions such as holding an arabesque, variations of sit-ups, and repetitions of leg raises. [21] Fad diet pills became more accessible in the 1960s.
Morrow, Don; Wamsley, Kevin B. Sport in Canada: A History (2009) Murray, Bill. The World's Game: A History of Soccer (1998) Polley, Martin. Sports History: A Practical Guide, Palgrave, 2007. S.Battente, The idea of sport in western culture from antiquity to the contemporary era, Vernon press, 2020. Journals. online article from The Sports ...
Fitness culture is a sociocultural phenomenon surrounding exercise and physical fitness.It is usually associated with gym culture, as doing physical exercises in locations such as gyms, wellness centres and health clubs is a popular activity.
Francois Henri LaLanne (/ l ə ˈ l eɪ n /; [1] September 26, 1914 – January 23, 2011), the "Godfather of Fitness", [2] [3] [4] was an American fitness and nutrition guru and motivational speaker. He described himself as being a "sugarholic" and a " junk food junkie" until he was 15 years old.
The Battle of the Systems was a controversy over the most effective system of exercise and calisthenics that spanned from the 1830s to the early 1920s, [1] consisted of different systems of exercise mostly in a gymnastic or calisthenic-type format.