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A peg cell is a non-ciliated epithelial secretory cell within the uterine tube (oviduct or fallopian tube). [1] These cells represent one of three epithelial cell types found within the normal fallopian tube epithelium and only make up around 10% of the total number of cells. The other two cell types are ciliated columnar and intercalary cells. [1]
Peg laterals typically occur on both sides, [2] and have short roots. [2] Inheritance may be involved, [ 2 ] and the frequency of microdontia in the upper laterals is just under 1%. [ 1 ] The second most commonly involved tooth is the maxillary third molars, [ 3 ] and after this supernumerary teeth .
The ciliated cells are most numerous in the infundibulum, and the ampulla. Estrogen increases the formation of cilia on these cells. Peg cells are shorter, have surface microvilli, and are located between the other epithelial cells. [6] The presence of immune cells in the mucosa has also been reported with the main type being CD8 + T-cells.
In the epithelium of the mouth, the attached gingiva exhibit rete pegs, while the sulcular [2] and junctional epithelia do not. [3] Scar tissue lacks rete pegs and scars tend to shear off more easily than normal tissue as a result. [1] Also known as papillae, they are downward thickenings of the epidermis between the dermal papillae.
The oral cavity has sometimes been described as a mirror that reflects the health of the individual. [2] Changes indicative of disease are seen as alterations in the oral mucosa lining the mouth, which can reveal systemic conditions, such as diabetes or vitamin deficiency, or the local effects of chronic tobacco or alcohol use. [3]
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PEG is the basis of many skin creams (as cetomacrogol) and personal lubricants. PEG is used in a number of toothpastes [5] as a dispersant. In this application, it binds water and helps keep xanthan gum uniformly distributed throughout the toothpaste. PEG is under investigation for use in liquid body armor, and in tattoos to monitor diabetes. [32]
Microfold cells (commonly referred to as M cells) sample antigens from the lumen and deliver them to the lymphoid tissue associated with the mucosa (MALT). In the small intestine, M cells are associated with Peyer's patches. Cup cells are a distinct cell type that produces vimentin. [13] Tuft cells play a part in the immune response. [13]