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  2. Pleomorphism (cytology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleomorphism_(cytology)

    Pleomorphism is a term used in histology and cytopathology to describe variability in the size, shape and staining of cells and/or their nuclei. Several key determinants of cell and nuclear size, like ploidy and the regulation of cellular metabolism , are commonly disrupted in tumors . [ 1 ]

  3. Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyalinizing_clear_cell...

    Nuclear pleomorphism is usually minimal and mitoses are infrequently seen. [2] Owing to their glycogen content, which explains the "clear" appearance under the microscope, tumour cells stain with PAS. Immunostains for S100 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) are typically negative, but positive for cytokeratins and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA).

  4. Nuclear atypia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_atypia

    Nuclear atypia refers to abnormal appearance of cell nuclei. It is a term used in cytopathology and histopathology. Atypical nuclei are often pleomorphic. Nuclear atypia can be seen in reactive changes, pre-neoplastic changes and malignancy. Severe nuclear atypia is, in most cases, considered an indicator of malignancy.

  5. Breast cancer classification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breast_cancer_classification

    [16] [17] It grades breast carcinomas by adding up scores for tubule formation, nuclear pleomorphism, and mitotic count, each of which is given 1 to 3 points. The scores for each of these three criteria are then added together to give an overall final score and corresponding grade.

  6. Papillary renal cell carcinoma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papillary_renal_cell_carcinoma

    The reduced survival rate has been positively correlated to several factors, which are high nuclear grade and stage, vascular invasion, DNA aneuploidy, and more. [46] Patients with type 1 PRCC have significantly improved survival rates than those with type 2, which is a reflection of its lower TNM stage with a well-encapsulated tumor. [ 47 ]

  7. Anaplasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaplasia

    The term also refers to a group of morphological changes in a cell (nuclear pleomorphism, altered nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, presence of nucleoli, high proliferation index) that point to a possible malignant transformation. [1] Such loss of structural differentiation is especially seen in most, but not all, malignant neoplasms. [2]

  8. Invasive carcinoma of no special type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_carcinoma_of_no...

    Nuclear size, shape, and staining intensity; Mitotic rate - Rate of cell division; The histologic appearance of cancer cells can be scored on these three parameters on a scale from one to three. The sum of these grades is a number between 3 and 9. The score is called a Bloom Richardson Grade (BR) and is expressed [sum of the grades]/9. For ...

  9. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undifferentiated_pleom...

    UPS is a diagnosis of exclusion (a diagnosis reached by the process of elimination) because the histopathology of this disorder's tumors is non-specific. UPS tumor cells are undifferentiated (i.e. do not resemble any particular cell type) and pleomorphic (i.e. highly variable in size, shape, and/or color) when examined microscopically.