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  2. Gastroesophageal reflux disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux...

    Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a chronic upper gastrointestinal disease in which stomach content persistently and regularly flows up into the esophagus, resulting in symptoms and/or complications. [6][7][10] Symptoms include dental corrosion, dysphagia, heartburn, odynophagia, regurgitation ...

  3. Esophageal stricture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_stricture

    Causes. It can be caused by or associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease, [1] esophagitis, a dysfunctional lower esophageal sphincter, disordered motility, lye ingestion, or a hiatal hernia. Strictures can form after esophageal surgery and other treatments such as laser therapy or photodynamic therapy. While the area heals, a scar forms ...

  4. Esophagitis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophagitis

    Cancer. Esophagitis, also spelled oesophagitis, is a disease characterized by inflammation of the esophagus. The esophagus is a tube composed of a mucosal lining, and longitudinal and circular smooth muscle fibers. It connects the pharynx to the stomach; swallowed food and liquids normally pass through it. [1]

  5. Laryngopharyngeal reflux - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngopharyngeal_reflux

    Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. [4][5] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing [6] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngis, and dysphagia. [7]

  6. Heartburn - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heartburn

    Heartburn, also known as pyrosis, cardialgia or acid indigestion, [2] is a burning sensation in the central chest or upper central abdomen. [3][4][5] Heartburn is usually due to regurgitation of gastric acid (gastric reflux) into the esophagus. It is the major symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [6]

  7. Hiatal hernia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiatal_hernia

    A hiatal hernia or hiatus hernia [2] is a type of hernia in which abdominal organs (typically the stomach) slip through the diaphragm into the middle compartment of the chest. [1] [3] This may result in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) with symptoms such as a taste of acid in the back of the mouth or heartburn.

  8. Esophageal dysphagia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophageal_dysphagia

    Esophageal cancer also presents with progressive mechanical dysphagia. Patients usually come with rapidly progressive dysphagia first with solids then with liquids, weight loss (> 10 kg), and anorexia (loss of appetite). Esophageal cancer usually affects the elderly. Esophageal cancers can be either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma.

  9. Helicobacter pylori - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicobacter_pylori

    Campylobacter pylori Marshall et al. 1985. Helicobacter pylori, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a gram-negative, flagellated, helical bacterium. Mutants can have a rod or curved rod shape that exhibits less virulence. [1][2] Its helical body (from which the genus name Helicobacter derives) is thought to have evolved to penetrate ...

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