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Axonal transport, also called axoplasmic transport or axoplasmic flow, is a cellular process responsible for movement of mitochondria, lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins, and other organelles to and from a neuron 's cell body, through the cytoplasm of its axon called the axoplasm. [1] Since some axons are on the order of meters long, neurons ...
Axoplasm is the cytoplasm within the axon of a neuron (nerve cell). For some neuronal types this can be more than 99% of the total cytoplasm. [1] Axoplasm has a different composition of organelles and other materials than that found in the neuron's cell body (soma) or dendrites. In axonal transport (also known as axoplasmic transport) materials ...
An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber (or nervefibre: see spelling differences) is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different ...
Axon guidance. Axon guidance (also called axon pathfinding) is a subfield of neural development concerning the process by which neurons send out axons to reach their correct targets. Axons often follow very precise paths in the nervous system, and how they manage to find their way so accurately is an area of ongoing research.
The fast axonal transport has a rate of 50–500 mm per day, while the slow axonal transport was found to be 0.4 mm per day in goldfish, 1–10 mm per day in mammalian nerve. Transport of insoluble protein contributes to the fast movement while the slow transport is transporting up to 40% - 50% soluble protein. [ 12 ]
A growth cone is a large actin -supported extension of a developing or regenerating neurite seeking its synaptic target. It is the growth cone that drives axon growth. [1] Their existence was originally proposed by Spanish histologist Santiago Ramón y Cajal based upon stationary images he observed under the microscope.
In addition to their structural role in axons, neurofilaments are also cargoes of axonal transport. [3] Most of the neurofilament proteins in axons are synthesized in the nerve cell body, where they rapidly assemble into neurofilament polymers within about 30 minutes. [12]
Neurotransmission (Latin: transmissio "passage, crossing" from transmittere "send, let through") is the process by which signaling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron (the presynaptic neuron), and bind to and react with the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron (the postsynaptic neuron) a ...