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t. e. In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is a theoretical framework that combines classical field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics. [1]: xi QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles.
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [ 2 ]: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics can describe many systems that classical physics ...
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. [1] [2] [3] In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quantum mechanics and special relativity is achieved. [2]
The standard model is a quantum field theory, meaning its fundamental objects are quantum fields, which are defined at all points in spacetime. QFT treats particles as excited states (also called quanta) of their underlying quantum fields, which are more fundamental than the particles. These fields are
Quantum fluctuation. In quantum physics, a quantum fluctuation (also known as a vacuum state fluctuation or vacuum fluctuation) is the temporary random change in the amount of energy in a point in space, [2] as prescribed by Werner Heisenberg 's uncertainty principle. They are minute random fluctuations in the values of the fields which ...
Quantum field theory originated in the 1920s from the problem of creating a quantum mechanical theory of the electromagnetic field.In particular, de Broglie in 1924 introduced the idea of a wave description of elementary systems in the following way: "we proceed in this work from the assumption of the existence of a certain periodic phenomenon of a yet to be determined character, which is to ...
The idea of quantum field theory began in the late 1920s with British physicist Paul Dirac, when he attempted to quantize the energy of the electromagnetic field; just as in quantum mechanics the energy of an electron in the hydrogen atom was quantized. Quantization is a procedure for constructing a quantum theory starting from a classical theory.
The Higgs boson, sometimes called the Higgs particle, [ 9 ][ 10 ] is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics produced by the quantum excitation of the Higgs field, [ 11 ][ 12 ] one of the fields in particle physics theory. [ 12 ] In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a massive scalar boson with zero spin, even ...