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A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting of a flat, horizontal surface made of cast concrete. Steel- reinforced slabs, typically between 100 and 500 mm thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner mud slabs may be used for exterior paving (see below). [ 1 ][ 2 ] In many ...
Schematic cross section of a pressurized caisson. In geotechnical engineering, a caisson (/ ˈ k eɪ s ən,-s ɒ n /; borrowed from French caisson 'box', from Italian cassone 'large box', an augmentative of cassa) is a watertight retaining structure [1] used, for example, to work on the foundations of a bridge pier, for the construction of a concrete dam, [2] or for the repair of ships.
A waffle slab or two-way joist slab is a concrete slab made of reinforced concrete with concrete ribs running in two directions on its underside. [ 1 ] The name waffle comes from the grid pattern created by the reinforcing ribs. Waffle slabs are preferred for spans greater than 40 feet (12 m), as they are much stronger than flat slabs, flat ...
Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate bonded together with a fluid cement that cures to a solid over time. Concrete is the second-most-used substance in the world after water, [ 1 ] and is the most widely used building material. [ 2 ] Its usage worldwide, ton for ton, is twice that of steel, wood, plastics, and aluminium combined.
Prestressed beam without load. Prestressed beam with load. Prestressed concrete is a form of concrete used in construction. It is substantially "prestressed" (compressed) during production, in a manner that strengthens it against tensile forces which will exist when in service. [1][2]: 3–5 [3] It was patented by Eugène Freyssinet in 1928.
Properties of concrete. Concrete has relatively high compressive strength (resistance to breaking when squeezed), but significantly lower tensile strength (resistance to breaking when pulled apart). The compressive strength is typically controlled with the ratio of water to cement when forming the concrete, and tensile strength is increased by ...
Grade beam. A grade beam or grade beam footing is a component of a building's foundation. It consists of a reinforced concrete beam that transmits the load from a bearing wall into spaced foundations such as pile caps or caissons. [1] It is used in conditions where the surface soil’s load-bearing capacity is less than the anticipated design ...
Franki piling system. (Redirected from Franki Piling System) A Franki pile. The Franki piling system (also called pressure -injected footing) is a method used to drive expanded base cast- in-situ concrete (Franki) piles. [1] It was developed by Belgian Engineer Edgard Frankignoul in 1909. [2]
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