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  2. The Chemical History of a Candle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chemical_History_of_a...

    The Chemical History of a Candle was the title of a series of six lectures on the chemistry and physics of flames given by Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution in 1848, as part of the series of Christmas lectures for young people founded by Faraday in 1825 and still given there every year. The lectures described the different zones of ...

  3. Candle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candle

    A candle in a candle stick. Tapers (long thin candles) in a church. A small ornamental candle with a gold stand. A candle is an ignitable wick embedded in wax, or another flammable solid substance such as tallow, that provides light, and in some cases, a fragrance. A candle can also provide heat or a method of keeping time.

  4. Timeline of lighting technology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_lighting...

    19th century. 1800–1809 Humphry Davy invents the arc lamp when using Voltaic piles (battery) for his electrolysis experiments. 1802 William Murdoch illuminates the exterior of the Soho Foundry with gas. 1805 Philips and Lee's Cotton Mill, Manchester was the first industrial factory to be fully lit by gas. 1809 Humphry Davy publicly ...

  5. History of candle making - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_candle_making

    Candle moulding machine in Indonesia circa 1920. Candle making was developed independently in a number of countries around the world. [1]Candles were primarily made from tallow and beeswax in Europe from the Roman period until the modern era, when spermaceti (from sperm whales) was used in the 18th and 19th centuries, [2] and purified animal fats and paraffin wax since the 19th century. [1]

  6. Argand lamp - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argand_lamp

    The Argand lamp is a type of oil lamp invented in 1780 by Aimé Argand. Its output is 6 to 10 candelas, brighter than that of earlier lamps. Its more complete combustion of the candle wick and oil than in other lamps required much less frequent trimming of the wick. In France, the lamp is called "Quinquet", after Antoine-Arnoult Quinquet, a ...

  7. Tenebrae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenebrae

    Tenebrae (/ ˈ t ɛ n ə b r eɪ,-b r i / [1] —Latin for 'darkness') is a religious service of Western Christianity held during the three days preceding Easter Day, and characterized by gradual extinguishing of candles, and by a "strepitus" or "loud noise" taking place in total darkness near the end of the service.

  8. The Stripping of the Altars - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Stripping_of_the_Altars

    Sometimes referred to as "the Whig version", this view held that prior to the Reformation, the English church was corrupt, full of superstition, and long-overdue for reform. This was the view presented by A. G. Dickens, whose 1964 English Reformation was, for many years the standard text on the subject. [4]

  9. Nero's Torches - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero's_Torches

    Oil on canvas. Dimensions. 385 cm × 705 cm (152 in × 278 in) Location. National Museum, Kraków. Nero's Torches (Polish: Pochodnie Nerona) is an 1876 oil-on-canvas painting by the Polish artist Henryk Siemiradzki. It is also known as Candlesticks of Christianity (Świeczniki chrześcijaństwa).