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Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics.It deals with environments in which neither gravitational nor quantum effects can be ignored, [1] such as in the vicinity of black holes or similar compact astrophysical objects, as well as in the early stages of the universe moments after the Big Bang.
Zumino. v. t. e. Quantum cosmology[ 1 ][ 2 ] is the attempt in theoretical physics to develop a quantum theory of the universe. This approach attempts to answer open questions of classical physical cosmology, particularly those related to the first phases of the universe. Classical cosmology is based on Albert Einstein 's general theory of ...
Loop quantum gravity (LQG) is a tentative theory of quantum gravity that attempts to unify both general relativity and key quantum mechanics. The areas of research, which involve about 30 research groups worldwide, [1] share the basic physical assumptions and the mathematical description of quantum space. Research has evolved in two directions ...
The idea of the existence of a big bounce in the very early universe has found diverse support in works based on loop quantum gravity. In loop quantum cosmology, a branch of loop quantum gravity, the big bounce was first discovered in February 2006 for isotropic and homogeneous models by Abhay Ashtekar, Tomasz Pawlowski, and Parampreet Singh at ...
Causal sets. The causal sets program is an approach to quantum gravity. Its founding principles are that spacetime is fundamentally discrete (a collection of discrete spacetime points, called the elements of the causal set) and that spacetime events are related by a partial order.
Twistor theory. In theoretical physics, twistor theory was proposed by Roger Penrose in 1967 [1] as a possible path [2] to quantum gravity and has evolved into a widely studied branch of theoretical and mathematical physics. Penrose's idea was that twistor space should be the basic arena for physics from which space-time itself should emerge.
John Archibald Wheeler. John Archibald Wheeler (July 9, 1911 – April 13, 2008) was an American theoretical physicist. He was largely responsible for reviving interest in general relativity in the United States after World War II. Wheeler also worked with Niels Bohr to explain the basic principles of nuclear fission.
Abhay Vasant Ashtekar (born 5 July 1949) is an Indian theoretical physicist who created Ashtekar variables and is one of the founders of loop quantum gravity and its subfield loop quantum cosmology. [ 2 ] Ashtekar has also written a number of descriptions of loop quantum gravity that are accessible to non-physicists.