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Kernel density estimation of 100 normally distributed random numbers using different smoothing bandwidths.. In statistics, kernel density estimation (KDE) is the application of kernel smoothing for probability density estimation, i.e., a non-parametric method to estimate the probability density function of a random variable based on kernels as weights.
The earthquake cycle refers to the phenomenon that earthquakes repeatedly occur on the same fault as the result of continual stress accumulation and periodic stress release. [ 1 ][ 2 ] Earthquake cycles can occur on a variety of faults including subduction zones and continental faults. [ 3 ][ 4 ] Depending on the size of the earthquake, an ...
Taxon cycles refer to a biogeographical theory of how species evolve through range expansions and contractions over time associated with adaptive shifts in the ecology and morphology of species. The taxon cycle concept was explicitly formulated by biologist E. O. Wilson in 1961 [1] after he surveyed the distributions, habitats, behavior and ...
The cycle is closed by the exhaust (4-0 and colored blue) stroke, characterized by isochoric cooling and isobaric compression processes. Temperature-Entropy diagram. An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that describes the functioning of a typical spark ignition piston engine. It is the thermodynamic cycle most commonly found in ...
A histogramis a visual representation of the distributionof quantitative data. To construct a histogram, the first step is to "bin" (or "bucket")the range of values— divide the entire range of values into a series of intervals—and then count how many values fall into each interval. The bins are usually specified as consecutive, non ...
The Strauss–Howe generational theory, devised by William Strauss and Neil Howe, describes a theorized recurring generation cycle in American history and Western history. According to the theory, historical events are associated with recurring generational personas (archetypes). Each generational persona unleashes a new era (called a turning ...
Walther Penck (30 August 1888 – 29 September 1923) was a geologist [1] and geomorphologist [1] known for his theories on landscape evolution. Penck is noted for criticizing key elements of the Davisian cycle of erosion, concluding that the process of uplift and denudation occur simultaneously, at gradual and continuous rates. [2]
Even circuit theorem. In extremal graph theory, the even circuit theorem is a result of Paul Erdős according to which an n -vertex graph that does not have a simple cycle of length 2k can only have O(n1 + 1/k) edges. For instance, 4-cycle-free graphs have O(n3/2) edges, 6-cycle-free graphs have O(n4/3) edges, etc.