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Mars comes closer to Earth more than any other planet save Venus at its nearest—56 million km is the closest distance between Mars and Earth, whereas the closest Venus comes to Earth is 40 million km. Mars comes closest to Earth every other year, around the time of its opposition, when Earth is sweeping between the Sun and Mars. Extra-close ...
In gravitationally bound systems, the orbital speed of an astronomical body or object (e.g. planet, moon, artificial satellite, spacecraft, or star) is the speed at which it orbits around either the barycenter (the combined center of mass) or, if one body is much more massive than the other bodies of the system combined, its speed relative to the center of mass of the most massive body.
The definition of the Martian prime meridian has since been refined on the basis of spacecraft imagery as the center of the crater Airy-0 in Terra Meridiani. However, Mars does not have time zones defined at regular intervals from the prime meridian, as on Earth.
File:Geologic Map of Mars Pamphlet.pdf. ... English: Pamphlet for the geologic map of Mars. Date: 2014: ... Version of PDF format: 1.7
Several factors make placing a spacecraft into an areostationary orbit more difficult than a geostationary orbit. Since the areostationary orbit lies between Mars's two natural satellites, Phobos (semi-major axis: 9,376 km) and Deimos (semi-major axis: 23,463 km), any satellites in the orbit will suffer increased orbital station keeping costs due to unwanted orbital resonance effects.
NASA's Perseverance rover recorded a wind gust on Mars with its onboard microphone, sending the recording back for humanity's fist time hearing the wind on Mars.
For a stationary synchronous orbit: = [2] G = Gravitational constant m 2 = Mass of the celestial body T = rotational period of the body = Radius of orbit. By this formula one can find the stationary orbit of an object in relation to a given body.
Due to Mars's geological history, the possibility of past or present life on Mars remains of great scientific interest. Since the late 20th century, Mars has been explored by uncrewed spacecraft and rovers , with the first flyby by the Mariner 4 probe in 1965, the first orbit by the Mars 2 probe in 1971, and the first landing by the Viking 1 ...