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Female genital mutilation (FGM) (also known as female genital cutting, female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and female circumcision [a]) is the cutting or removal of some or all of the vulva for non-medical reasons. FGM prevalence varies worldwide, but is majorly present in some countries of Africa, Asia and Middle East, and within their ...
The reduction of the clitoral prepuce tissues usually is a sub-ordinate surgery within a labiaplasty procedure for reducing the labia minora; and occasionally within a vaginoplasty procedure. When these procedures are performed on individuals without their consent, they are considered a form of female genital mutilation .
Circumcision being performed in Central Asia, c. 1865–1872. Restored albumen print.. The Quran itself does not mention circumcision explicitly in any verse. [1] [4] [2] [7] In the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, both male and female circumcision were carried out by Pagan Arabian tribes, [1] [2] [7] and male circumcision was performed by the Jewish tribes of Arabia for religious reasons.
[2] [3] The procedure frequently occurs at the age of seven and involves "all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs.". [1] [4] The process is typically performed by a traditional practitioner using a knife or a blade and can range from Type I to Type IV.
According to Sayyid Sabiq, the author of Fiqh-us-Sunnah, all hadiths concerning female circumcision are non-authentic. [52] Senior Muslim religious authorities agree that FGM is neither required nor prohibited by Islam. [13] The Quran does not mention FGM or male circumcision.
African survivors of female genital mutilation (FGM) said mental health services are their biggest need and urged governments and charities to provide support for dealing with long-term trauma.
The most common FGM procedure in Sudan is Type III, also known as "pharaonic circumcision" and referred to in surveys as "sewn closed". [4] This involves removal of the inner and/or outer labia, with or without removal of the clitoral glans, and fusion of the wound, leaving a small hole for the passage of urine and menstrual blood. [5]
Doctors would either remove the smegma surrounding the clitoris, lacerate adhesions restricting the clitoris, or remove the clitoral hood altogether (female circumcision). [4] In the most extreme cases, doctors would perform a clitoridectomy, removing the clitoris entirely. [4] Reflex neurosis was a common diagnosis in the 19th century. [4]
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