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This is a common problem that can affect the joints and bones of the metatarsals. Metatarsalgia is most often localized to the first metatarsal head – the ball of the foot just behind the big toe. There are two small sesamoid bones under the first metatarsal head. The next most frequent site of metatarsal head pain is under the second metatarsal.
Negative signs include a lack of obvious deformities, erythema, signs of inflammation, or limitation of movement. Direct pressure between the metatarsal heads will replicate the symptoms, as will compression of the forefoot between the finger and thumb so as to compress the transverse arch of the foot. This is referred to as Mulder's sign.
Freiberg disease is a rare condition that affects the second metatarsal head, leading to pain and potential deformity. It is often associated with activities that place stress on the forefoot, such as running or jumping. The disease was first described by the German surgeon Paul Freiberg in 1914.
Signs and symptoms are also applied to physiological states outside the context of disease, as for example when referring to the signs and symptoms of pregnancy, or the symptoms of dehydration. Sometimes a disease may be present without showing any signs or symptoms when it is known as being asymptomatic. [13]
Plantar fascial fibromatosis, also known as Ledderhose's disease, Morbus Ledderhose, and plantar fibromatosis, is a relatively uncommon [2] non-malignant thickening of the feet's deep connective tissue, or fascia. In the beginning, where nodules start growing in the fascia of the foot, the disease is minor.
Plantar fasciitis or plantar heel pain is a disorder of the plantar fascia, which is the connective tissue that supports the arch of the foot. [2] It results in pain in the heel and bottom of the foot that is usually most severe with the first steps of the day or following a period of rest.
Knuckle pads are benign subcutaneous fibrotic nodules that are seen in the finger joints and/or the extensor area of the foot. [6] [7] [8] From a clinical perspective, these are well-defined, non-compressible, freely moveable lesions that resemble warts and primarily affect the dorsal portion of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and, less frequently, the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints.
Athlete's foot is the most common fungal disease, with possibly more than 50% of the population affected at some time. [2] [4] Tinea manuum accounts for less than 2% of all superficial fungal infections. [2] Tinea manuum is rare in both hands. [2] Scenarios with one foot and two hands, and one foot and one hand, have been described. [15]