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By definition, [2] there are no written records from human prehistory, which can only be known from material archaeological and anthropological evidence: prehistoric materials and human remains. These were at first understood by the collection of folklore and by analogy with pre-literate societies observed in modern times.
His primary interest was the position of women in early society, and — in particular — Morgan's insistence that the matrilineal clan preceded the family as society's fundamental unit. 'The mother-right gens', wrote Engels in his survey of contemporary historical materialist scholarship, 'has become the pivot around which the entire science ...
Image of a horse from the Lascaux caves made by the Cro-Magnon peoples at their hunting route in the Stone age. Urgesellschaft (meaning "primal society" in German) is a term that, according to Friedrich Engels, [1] refers to the original coexistence of humans in prehistoric times, before recorded history.
Prehistoric archaeology is a subfield of archaeology, [1] which deals specifically with artefacts, civilisations and other materials from societies that existed before any form of writing system or historical record.
Reconstruction of a Neolithic farmstead, Irish National Heritage Park.The Neolithic saw the invention of agriculture.. The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος néos 'new' and λίθος líthos 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia, Mesopotamia and Africa (c. 10,000 BC to c. 2,000 BC).
As of 2025, the large majority of people belong to sedentary cultures. In evolutionary anthropology and archaeology, sedentism takes on a slightly different sub-meaning, often applying to the transition from nomadic society to a lifestyle that involves remaining in one place permanently.
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic (c. 3.3 million – c. 11,700 years ago) (/ ˌ p eɪ l i oʊ ˈ l ɪ θ ɪ k, ˌ p æ l i-/ PAY-lee-oh-LITH-ik, PAL-ee-), also called the Old Stone Age (from Ancient Greek παλαιός (palaiós) 'old' and λίθος (líthos) 'stone'), is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost ...
As the National Geographic Society has explained it: "This is why the most basic definition of the word civilization is 'a society made up of cities.'" [13] The earliest emergence of civilizations is generally connected with the final stages of the Neolithic Revolution in West Asia, culminating in the relatively rapid process of urban ...