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Traction can also refer to the maximum tractive force between a body and a surface, as limited by available friction; when this is the case, traction is often expressed as the ratio of the maximum tractive force to the normal force and is termed the coefficient of traction (similar to coefficient of friction).
The term tractive effort is often qualified as starting tractive effort, continuous tractive effort and maximum tractive effort.These terms apply to different operating conditions, but are related by common mechanical factors: input torque to the driving wheels, the wheel diameter, coefficient of friction (μ) between the driving wheels and supporting surface, and the weight applied to the ...
In this case, rather than providing an estimate of the actual frictional force, the Coulomb approximation provides a threshold value for this force, above which motion would commence. This maximum force is known as traction. The force of friction is always exerted in a direction that opposes movement (for kinetic friction) or potential movement ...
Forces: Traction (mechanics), adhesive friction or force; Traction vector, in mechanics, the force per unit area on a surface, including normal and shear components; Traction motor, an electric motor used for propulsion of a vehicle, for example a car or a locomotive; Railway electric traction, the use of electric motors to propel rail cars
is the normal force, the force perpendicular to the surface on which the wheel is rolling. is the force needed to push (or tow) a wheeled vehicle forward (at constant speed on a level surface, or zero grade, with zero air resistance) per unit force of weight. It is assumed that all wheels are the same and bear identical weight.
Units for other physical quantities are derived from this set as needed. In English Engineering Units, the pound-mass and the pound-force are distinct base units, and Newton's Second Law of Motion takes the form = where is the acceleration in ft/s 2 and g c = 32.174 lb·ft/(lbf·s 2).
Force per unit oriented surface area Pa L −1 M T −2: order 2 tensor Surface tension: γ: Energy change per unit change in surface area N/m or J/m 2: M T −2: Thermal conductance κ (or) λ: Measure for the ease with which an object conducts heat W/K L 2 M T −3 Θ −1: extensive Thermal conductivity: λ: Measure for the ease with which a ...
For example, if a person places a force of 10 N at the terminal end of a wrench that is 0.5 m long (or a force of 10 N acting 0.5 m from the twist point of a wrench of any length), the torque will be 5 N⋅m – assuming that the person moves the wrench by applying force in the plane of movement and perpendicular to the wrench.