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Physics is a branch of science in which the primary objects of study are matter and energy.These topics were discussed by philosophers across many cultures in ancient times, but they had no means to distinguish causes of natural phenomena from superstitions.
This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics. Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process.
4th century BC - Aristotle invents the system of Aristotelian physics, which is later largely disproved; 4th century BC - Babylonian astronomers calculate Jupiter's position using the Trapezoidal rule [1] 260 BC - Archimedes works out the principle of the lever and connects buoyancy to weight
In the history of physics, the concept of fields had its origins in the 18th century in a mathematical formulation of Newton's law of universal gravitation, but it was seen as deficient as it implied action at a distance. In 1852, Michael Faraday treated the magnetic field as a physical object, reasoning about lines of force.
The Evolution of Physics: The Growth of Ideas from Early Concepts to Relativity and Quanta is a science book for the lay reader. Written by the physicists Albert Einstein and Leopold Infeld, it traces the development of ideas in physics. It was originally published in 1938 by Cambridge University Press.
10,000–3300 BC – Neolithic: development of pottery, as well as early evidence of glass production and metalworking. [3] 3300–1200 BC – Bronze Age: development of metallurgy, with copper and tin being combined to create bronze. [4] 1200–300 BC – Iron Age: development of ferrous metallurgy, allowing iron and steel to largely replace ...
A 1933 portrait of E. T. Whittaker by Arthur Trevor Haddon. The book was originally written in the period immediately following the publication of Einstein's Annus Mirabilis papers and several years following the early work of Max Planck; it was a transitional period for physics, where special relativity and old quantum theory were gaining traction.
The Edge of Objectivity: An Essay in the History of Scientific Ideas. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-02350-6. Wallace, W. A. (2004a). "The enigma of Domingo de Soto: Uniformiter difformis and falling bodies in late medieval physics". In Wallace, W. A. (ed.). Domingo de Soto and the early Galileo: Essays on intellectual history. Routledge.