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The First World War generated population displacements of an unprecedented scale, of more than 12,000,000 civilians, (later exceeded by those of the Second World War which reached 60,000,000). [1] The director of the civil affairs office of the Red Cross wrote at the end of the war that: “There were refugees everywhere.
Leopold III (1901–1983) reigned as King of the Belgians from 1934 until 1951, when he abdicated in favour of the heir apparent, his son Baudouin.As a prince, Leopold, Duke of Brabant, fought as a private during World War I with the 12th Belgian Regiment while still a teenager, but was sent by his father to Eton College in the United Kingdom, in 1915.
Control of Enemy Alien Civilians in Great Britain, 1914–1918. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 9781138857667. Denness, Zoë Andrea (October 2012). A Question Which Affects Our Prestige as a Nation: The History of British Civilian Internment, 1899–1945 (PDF) (Thesis). University of Birmingham; Payani, Panikos (2013).
The UK Ministry of Health advertised the evacuation programme through posters, among other means. The poster depicted here was used in the London Underground.. The evacuation of civilians in Britain during the Second World War was designed to defend individuals, especially children, from the risks associated with aerial bombing of cities by moving them to areas thought to be less at risk.
A 1917 poster designed by Robert Baden-Powell encouraging civilian participation in the war effort. This is a timeline of the British home front during the First World War from 1914 to 1918. This conflict was the first modern example of total war in the United Kingdom ; innovations included the mobilisation of the workforce, including many ...
The civilian death rate exceeded the prewar level by 292,000, which included 109,000 deaths due to food shortages and 183,577 from Spanish flu. [11] The 1922 War Office report detailed the deaths of 1,260 civilians and 310 military personnel due to air and sea bombardment the home islands. [179]
The German army executed over 6,500 French and Belgian civilians between August and November 1914, usually in near-random large-scale shootings of civilians ordered by junior German officers. The German Army destroyed 15,000-20,000 buildings—most famously the university library at Louvain (Leuven)—and generated a refugee wave of over a ...
Air Raid Precautions (ARP) refers to a number of organisations and guidelines in the United Kingdom dedicated to the protection of civilians from the danger of air raids. Government consideration for air raid precautions increased in the 1920s and 30s, with the Raid Wardens' Service set up in 1937 to report on bombing incidents. [ 1 ]