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The vision of infants under one month of age ranges from 6/240 to 6/60 (20/800 to 20/200). [4] By two months, visual acuity improves to 6/45 (20/150). By four months, acuity improves by a factor of 2 – calculated to be 6/18 (20/60) vision. As the infant grows, the acuity reaches the healthy adult standard of 6/6 (20/20) at six months. [5]
The second stage, with up to three items, begins after eight months. [17] [19] The third stage appears at about 3.5 years of age with four items. [17] [20] The fourth stage starts in children when they are about five years old and can hold five or more items in the focal point. [17] [19]
Typically grows at a similar rate to the previous month, usually growing between 1 and 1.5 inches (2.5 and 3.8 cm) and gaining about 2 pounds (910 g). [ 23 ] Resting heart rate is usually between 80 and 160 beats per minute, and it typically stays within that range until the infant is about one year old.
In developed countries, the average total body length of a newborn is 35.6–50.8 cm (14.0–20.0 in), although premature newborns may be much smaller. The way to measure a baby's length is to lay the baby down and stretch a measuring tape from the top of the head to the bottom of the heel.
This reflex occurs in slightly older infants (starts between 6 and 7 months [24] and become fully mature by 1 year of age) when the child is held upright and the baby's body is rotated quickly to face forward (as in falling). The baby will extend their arms forward as if to break a fall, even though this reflex appears long before the baby walks.
Gestational age: 12 weeks and 0 days until 15 weeks and 6 days old. Embryonic age: 10 weeks and 0 days until 13 weeks and 6 days old. The fetus reaches a length of about 15 cm (6 in). A fine hair called lanugo develops on the head. Fetal skin is almost transparent. More muscle tissue and bones have developed, and the bones become harder.
There are also 3-in-1 car seats that can first be used as a rear-facing baby car seat, then as a forward-facing seat, then finally as a booster seat when the child reaches the recommended height and weight. [16] Unlike many booster seats, 3-1 car seats may use the LATCH system to be secured inside the car.
Newborns and older infants are to use rear-facing car seats. These are required until age 2 or when they reach the upper weight or height limit of that seat. After this, a forward-facing car seat is used. [4] Motor vehicle crashes are a leading cause of death for children in the US. Buckling up is the best way to save lives and reduce injuries.