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  2. Circular flow of income - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_flow_of_income

    Basic diagram of the circular flow of income. The functioning of the free-market economic system is represented with firms and households and interaction back and forth. [2] The circular flow of income or circular flow is a model of the economy in which the major exchanges are represented as flows of money, goods and services, etc. between ...

  3. Glossary of economics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_economics

    Also called circular flow model. A model of the economy in which the major exchanges are represented as flows of money, goods and services, etc. between economic agents. The flows of money and goods exchanged in a closed circuit correspond in value, but run in the opposite direction. The circular flow analysis is the basis of national accounts ...

  4. Doughnut (economic model) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doughnut_(economic_model)

    The mainstream economic models of the 20th century, defined here as those taught the most in Economics introductory courses around the world, are neoclassical. The Circular Flow published by Paul Samuelson in 1944 and the supply and demand curves published by William S. Jevons in 1862 are canonical examples of neoclassical economic models ...

  5. Material flow management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Material_flow_management

    The circular economy, an economic system still in the development process (not yet widely adopted), intends to model itself after the material flow management and energy models in biological systems. Focusing on society-wide benefits, it designs a system without waste or pollution and intends to keep products and materials in the system for as ...

  6. Economic system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_system

    Circulation model of economic flows for a closed market economy. In this model the use of natural resources and the generation of waste (like greenhouse gases) is not included. An economic system, or economic order, [1] is a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services within a society.

  7. Doughnut Economics: Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doughnut_Economics:_Seven...

    This chapter contrasts the standard neoliberal agenda staged by Samuelson's circular flow diagram and scripted by the Mont Pelerin Society of Friedman, Hayek et al., with the Embedded Economy which sets the economy within society and the living world. It points out that the economy's fundamental resource flow is not a roundabout of money, but a ...

  8. Circular economy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_economy

    More generally, circular development is a model of economic, social, and environmental production and consumption that aims to build an autonomous and sustainable society in tune with the issue of environmental resources. [25] The circular economy aims to transform our economy into one that is regenerative.

  9. Macroeconomics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macroeconomics

    The Solow–Swan model worked out by Robert Solow and, independently, Trevor Swan in the 1950s achieved more long-lasting success, however, and is still today a common textbook model for explaining economic growth in the long-run. [32] The model operates with a production function where national output is the product of two inputs: capital and ...