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Andersen's schematic for the six-stage Andersen sampler, detailing movement of air and hole sizes for the top two stages [1]. An Andersen sampler, Andersen impactor, or sieve impactor [2] is a cascade impactor used to determine the amount of viable pathogens in a given area, in particular bacteria and fungi.
There are five types of air pollution dispersion models, as well as some hybrids of the five types: [1] Box model – The box model is the simplest of the model types. [2] It assumes the airshed (i.e., a given volume of atmospheric air in a geographical region) is in the shape of a box.
Fundamentals of Stack Gas Dispersion is a book devoted to the fundamentals of air pollution dispersion modeling of continuous, buoyant pollution plumes from stationary point sources. The first edition was published in 1979. The current fourth edition was published in 2005.
A great many computer programs for calculating the dispersion of air pollutant emissions were developed during that period of time and they were called "air dispersion models". The basis for most of those models was the Complete Equation For Gaussian Dispersion Modeling Of Continuous, Buoyant Air Pollution Plumes shown below: [4] [5]
CEM systems can also measure air flow, flue gas opacity and moisture. A monitoring system that measures particulate matter is referred to as a PEMS. In the U.S., the EPA requires a data acquisition and handling system to collect and report the data. Measurements of concentration can be converted to mass/hour by including flow rate measurements.
Air pollution measurement is the process of collecting and measuring the components of air pollution, notably gases and particulates. The earliest devices used to measure pollution include rain gauges (in studies of acid rain ), Ringelmann charts for measuring smoke , and simple soot and dust collectors known as deposit gauges . [ 1 ]
SAFE AIR II (Italy) – The simulation of air pollution from emissions II (SAFE AIR II) was developed at the Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Italy to simulate the dispersion of air pollutants above complex terrain at local and regional scales. It can handle point, line, area and volume sources and continuous plumes as well as puffs.
For air pollution applications, the definition of "particulate" does not include uncombined water, and water from a particulate sample must be removed before it is weighed. This can be done either by heating the sample to evaporate the water or by placing the sample in a low humidity environment before weighing.