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Lobbying depends on cultivating personal relationships over many years. Photo: Lobbyist Tony Podesta (left) with former Senator Kay Hagan (center) and her husband.. Generally, lobbyists focus on trying to persuade decision-makers: Congress, executive branch agencies such as the Treasury Department and the Securities and Exchange Commission, [16] the Supreme Court, [17] and state governments ...
Lobbying is a form of advocacy, which lawfully attempts to directly influence legislators or government officials, such as regulatory agencies or judiciary. [1] Lobbying involves direct, face-to-face contact and is carried out by various entities, including individuals acting as voters, constituents, or private citizens, corporations pursuing their business interests, nonprofits and NGOs ...
Lobbying in the United States is not restricted to commercial or private interests. The executive branch of the government also lobbies Congress (the federal government's legislative branch ) to influence the passing of treaties.
Advocacy groups, also known as lobby groups, interest groups, special interest groups, pressure groups, or public associations, use various forms of advocacy or lobbying to influence public opinion and ultimately public policy. [1] They play an important role in the development of political and social systems. [2]
In an article titled "The 'Fourth Branch' of Government", Alex Knott of the Center for Public Integrity asserted in 2005 that "special interests and the lobbyists they employ have reported spending, since 1998, a total of almost $13 billion to influence Congress, the White House and more than 200 federal agencies." [15] [non-primary source needed]
Lobbying, a standard method used to influence or change a piece of legislation, is a common practice at all levels of legislature, including the United States Congress and local legislation. [1] [2] In the U.S., direct lobbying involves direct methods used by a lobbyist when attempting to influence a legislative body.
Money spent on lobbying increased from "tens of millions to billions a year," by one estimate. [22] In 1975, total revenue of Washington lobbyists was less than $100 million; by 2006, it exceeded $2.5 billion. [23] Lobbyists such as Cassidy became millionaires while issues multiplied, and other practitioners became similarly wealthy. [22]
The Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946 is a statute enacted by the United States Congress to reduce the influence of lobbyists. The primary purpose of the Act was to provide information to members of Congress about those that lobby them. [1] The 1946 Act was replaced by the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995. [2]